KNEC KCSE History and Government Paper 2 / 2015 KCSE Kajiado County Joint Examination

 Religious beliefs
 Mode of dressing
 Taboos
 Eating habits/food
 Traditions and culture (Any 2 x 2 = 2 mks)

Two archaeologists who have worked in E. Africa.
 Mary Leakey
 Lois Leakey
 Richard Leakey
 Jonathan Leakey
 Dr. Allan Walker (Any 2 = 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

The main reason why early Agriculture development in Egypt.
 Availability of water from the Nile river 1 x 1 = mk

Two ways in which the Trans-Atlantic trade led to decline of local industries in W. Africa.
 Skilled men were taken as slaves.
 European goods replaced African goods.
 Insecurity due to slave raids made people abandon the work of industries. Any 2 = 2 x 1 = 2mks

Contribution of Wilbur Wright in the transport industry?
 Invented the first aeroplane engine 1 x 1 = 1 mk

Two advantages of steel over iron. (2 marks)
 It’s lighter
 It’s harder
 Can be bend
 It does not rust Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks

How did security contribute to the growth of the city of Athens
 Surrounded by hills and rivers making it difficult for external attacks. 1 x 1 = 1 mk

The main factor that led to the rise of the Asante Empire?
 She controlled the West African trade 1 x 1 = 1mk

Two European powers that colonized South Africa.
 Britain
 Holland 2 x 1 = 2 marks

The main reason for the use of indirect rule in Northern Nigeria by the British.
 Had few administrative officers 1 x 1 = 1 mark

Two political movements that fought for independence in Mozambique.
 FRELIMO (Liberation front of Mozambique)
 (COREMO (Revolutionary committee of Mozambique)
 Makonde Union Any 2 x 1 = 2

Two non-European countries that participated in the Second World War
 Japan
 United States of America 2 x 1 = 2 mks

What is the UN agency that is responsible for Refugees welfare?
 U.N.H.C.R (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) 1 x 1 = 1 mk

Name the body that replaced the Pan-African Movement.
 Organization of African Unity (O.A.U)

The two main levels of government in the United Stated of America (USA).
 Central Government
 State Government 2 x 1 = 2 mks

Two factors that have ensured national unity in Tanzania since independence.
 Common language – Kiswahili
 The Ujamaa policy

 One party system – C.C.M Any 2 x 1 = 2 mks

a) Three advantages of the upright posture adopted by the early man.
 He was able to see far/spotting the enemy.
 Front limbs could be sued for other activities.
 To defend himself.
 In gathering food.
 To regulate the body temperature. Any 3 = 3 x 1 = 3 mks
b) Describe the way of life of the early man during the Old Stone Age period.
 He ate uncooked food.
 He was naked but hairy body to protect himself from the cold.
 Poor hunting and gathering skills.
 He lived on trees, rock shelter.
 Made simple stone – tools – Olduwan tools
 Used gesture and click sounds
 Lived in small hunting groups Any 6 = 6 x 2 = 15 mks

a) Source for power in industrial machines.
 Used to power vehicles, aeroplanes, ships
 Heating to produce electricity.
 Tar – a by product for roads construction
 Fertilizer production
 Production of plastics
b)  High population – low purchasing power
 Inadequate funds
 Over exploitation by colonial masters
 Low technical skills
 Competition for markets
 The Indian caste-system does not encourage economic growth

a) Five economic factors that led to the decline of early urban centres.
 Trade
 Farming
 Mining
 Local industries
 Transport
 Strategic position Any 5 x 1 = 5 mks
b) Five factors that led decline of early urban centres.
 Wars of conquest
 Outbreak of diseases
 Decline of trade activities
 Decline of kingdoms
 Exhaustion of mineral resources
 Natural calamities
 Change of trade routes Any 5 x 2 = 10mks

a) Three economic factors that led to the scramble and partition of Africa.
 Need for markets
 Availability of raw materials
 Desire to invest their surplus capital Any 3 = 3 x 1 = 3 mks
b) Six social effects of the scramble and partition of Africa on the Africans.
 Settlement of Europeans in Africa
 Loss of life due to resistances
 Spread of Christianity
 Abolition of slave trade
 Rise of foreign language – English, French
 Erosion of African culture
 Racial segregation​​​​

a)The Zimmermann’s letter – which asked the Germans to invade U.S.A from Mexico.
 Economic gains which the British had was important to her.
 Unrestricted submarine warfare – e.g the sinking of the submarine (Sussex)
 Public opinion – The Americans felt they needed to join the war.

b)Loss of property
 Large sum of money was used
 Created unemployment
 Led to the growth of engineering industry – building of bridges
 Ended European economic domination (U.S.A and others had he way of growing economically.
 Rise of U.N affiliated funding agencies like World Bank, I.M.F

a) The assembly of Heads of State and government
 Council of ministers
 The secretariat
 The commission for mediation, conciliation and arbitration
 The special agencies and committees. Any 5 = 5 x 1 = 5 mks
b) Resolving the recurrent conflicts.
 Tackling the issue of regional power e.g. Nigeria are wary of loosing their influence.
 Ethnic, religious and regional divisions have been rapidly been increasing.
 There are a few military leaders who hinder democracy.
 Poor transport is a hindrance to economic development in Africa.
 Members have large debts.
 A.U members are still dependent on developed countries for aid.
 Divided loyalty – members of AU are also members of other groups like ECOWAS

Any 5 = 5 x 2 = 10 mks

a) Three political challenges that have triggered civil wars in some African countries.
 Lack of respect of the constitution.
 Political assassinations
 Rivalry for power
 Unfair political appointments
 Boundary conflicts Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks
b) Explain SIX social effects of civil wars in Africa.
 Death/Malnutrition/Diseases
 Disruption of people’s way of life
 Rise of poverty
 Rise of social vices (like crimes) immorality, crimes. Any 6 = 6 x 2 = 12 mks