KNEC KCSE History and Government Paper 1 / 2015 KCSE Kajiado County Joint Examination

Democratic government 1 x 1 = 1 mk

 Onguye
 Okuro 2 x 1 = 2 mks

 Circumcision
 Introduced taboos against eating fish
 Introduced the age set system (2 x 1 = 2 mks

 Fort Jesus
 Vasco da Gama pillar 1 x 1 = 1mk

 Criminals
 People suffering from infectious diseases
 Insane people
 Children under 18 years to secure their education
 Drug addicts 2 x 1 = 2 mks

 Corruption
 Inequitable distribution of national resources
 Poverty 1 x 1 = 1mk

 United Nations Organization 1 x 1 = 1mk

 Bukusu
 Nandi
 Giriama
 Somali 2 x 1 = 2 Marks

 Uganda railway
 To connect Uganda with outside world 1 x 1 = 1 mk

 Kenya African National Union
 Kenya African Democratic Union 2 x 1 = 2 marks

 Only existed where there was wage labour force e.g in Urban areas.
 Were organized by educated people.
 Were formed by people involved in direct employment e.g teachers, doctors, clerks.
 Worked closely with political parties. 1 x 1 = 1mk

 He led/organized trade union movement 1 x 1 = 1mk

 Secret ballot
 Queuing system (mulolongo) 2 x 1 = 2 marks

 Traditional African practices
 Values held in high esteem by African Traditional Socities
 Virtues borrowed from both capitalism and communism 1 x 1 = 1mk

Religious groups
 Private individuals
 Non-Governmental organizations
 Private companies 2 x 1 = 2 mks

 The clerk to the County Assembly

Equalization fund 1 x 1 = 1mk

a) Identify three environmental factors that influenced the settlement of the Borana in Kenya.
 They looked for areas where there was water and pasture for their animals.
 They looked for areas with ample rainfall.
 Looked for areas with fertile soil.
 Looked for areas that were free from human and animal diseases.
b) Describe the political organization of the Somali in the 19th Century.
 Were organized in clans made of related families.
 Clan was headed by the council of elders chosen from family leaders,
 Each clan was headed by a Sultan. He did not have a lot of authority.
 At the age of 10 – 15 years boys were circumcised and formed age-sets.
 They joined warriors, senator warriors and then elders.
 Somali warriors were professionals and defended the clan.
 Warriors of different clans joined forces when neighbouring communities threatened their community. 6 x 2 = 12 mks

a) Give THREE reasons why the Oman rule experienced constant rebellion from the Kenyan Coastal communities.
 Oman rule was harsh.
 They wanted to regain their independence.
 Rivalry between the Busaidi and the Mazrui families.
 They were against the Oman collecting taxes from them. 3 x 1 = 3 Marks
b) Factors for the Akamba dominance in Long Distance Trade in Kenya in the 19th C
 They were situated in a strategic position between the coast and the interior.
 The dry condition of their area made farming unprofitable.
 They were good hunters.
 There was demand for some commodities of trade.
 Existence of local trade.
 They discouraged other communities from participating in the trade by spreading malicious stories about the trade.6 x 2 = 12 mks

a) State the role of Africans in provision of health services during colonial rule in Kenya.
 They were trained as dressers and laboratory assistances.
 Chiefs campaigned for Western medicine.
 The Local Native Councils set aside money for medical care.
 Spread of education among Africans helped people to know more about health and hygiene which helped control some
diseases.
 Africans promoted construction of health facilities through provision of labour and money. 5 x 1 = 5 mks
b) Discuss five measures adopted by the government to promote health in colonial Kenya.
 Government protected Christian missionaries involved in health promotion.
 Government provided finances which were used to fund campaigns to eradicate malaria and other diseases.
 Enactment of Health ordinances supported the programme.
 Establishment of Development and Research Authority (DARA) for improvement of health services
 Establishment of Bureau of medical research in 1949.
 Establishment of Health centres and public Hospitals. 5 x 2 = 10 mks

a) State five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya.
 Some women mobilized fellow Africans to resist British invasion e.g. Mekatilili wa Menza, Moraa Moka, Ngiti etc
 Some women also supported men morally to fight.
 Some women contributed to formation of independent churches.
 They fought in forests alongside men e.g. Field Marshal Muthoni.
 They supplied food to the men in the forest and other supplies.
 They took care of children and families while freedom fighters were in the forest.
 They took part in anti-colonial administration, campaigns.

Some were nominated to the Legco to champion African grievances e.g. Jemimah Gichanga and Priscilla Abwao.
5 x 1 1 = Marks
b) Explain 5 problems associated with Moi period of leadership as a president of Kenya. (10 marks)
 Attempted coup of 1982.
 He faced constant criticism during the one-party period.
 Freezing of donor funding from World Bank and IMF.
 Tribal clashes became widespread.
 He faced stiff competition from rival political parties.
 Corruption was rampant.
 Weak economy which led to poverty.
 Poor diplomatic relationships with some neighbours.
 Natural disasters.
 Abuse of human rights,.
 Political assassinations e.g. Dr. Robert Ouko.
 Fall-out in KANU when he picked Uhuru to be the party’s flag bearer. 5 x 2 = 10 marks

a) State five peaceful methods of solving conflicts.
 Negotiation
 Mediation
 Arbitration
 Litigation
 Reconciliation
 Workshops
 Parliament passing laws Any 5 = 5 x 1 = 5 mks
b) Explain five economic factors that promote National Unity in Kenya.
 Trade
 Urbanization
 Common currency
 Fair distribution of National resources
 Employment opportunities
(with illustration) Any 5 = 5 x 2 = (10 mks)

a) State the composition of the Executive Arm of the National Government of Kenya.
 President
 Deputy President
 Cabinet secretaries (Any 3 = 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
b) Explain six setbacks faced by the national Police Service in Kenya. (12 marks)
 Inadequate transport and communication.
 Low academic levels.
 A lot of political interference.
 Influx of fire arms in the country.
 Poor relationship between the police and the public.
 Terrorism in the country.
 Modern technology in crime. (Any 6 = 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

a) Identify five sources of revenue for county governments.
 Shared national Revenue.
 Own revenue
 Grants from the National Government
 Loans from capital market
 Grants from local institutions
 Grants from external bodies (Any 5 = 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
b) Explain five measures put in place to control the utilization of public funds by the National government of Kenya.
 Parliament is a watchdog – approves the expenditures.
 The controller of budget oversees the implementation of the budget.
 The establishment of the KACC
 The Principal Secretaries are accountable to the National Assembly for financial management.
 Auditor – General Audits the accounts of all Government and state organs.
 Advertising/tendering government projects. (Any 5 = 5 x 2 = 10 Marks)​