KNEC KCSE History and Government Paper 2 Question Paper / 2015 KCSE Meru South Form 4 Joint Examination

− Stone tablets
− Scrolls

− Security
− Look for more food/more source of food (1×1)

− Fertile soils
− Availability of water for irrigation
− Use of the water for transport purposes

− Required coincidence of wants
− The commodities were indivisible into smaller units
− Lack of standard measure of value
− The commodities were bulky to transport
− Some of the agricultural products were perishable

− Transport
− Sports/leisure
− Fishing 2mks
− They could be attacked by wild animals
− Message could be distorted
− Covered limited distances
− The message could be forgotten
− It was slow and tiresome

− Its readily available
− It was cheap
− It’s a renewable

Iron working

− Had the right to declare war on another Omanhene
− Recognize the right of the Asantehene to impose national taxes/collected taxes
− Attend the national Odwira festival
− Give authority to own subjects to appeal to the high court.

− Nigeria
− Ghana
− Sierra leone

− Deny the Africans access to any basic necessities weaken them

− Collected taxes
− Settle disputes
− Maintenance of roads in their areas
− Organised relief aid in times of emergency

− Use of poisonous gas
− Use of aero planes
− Use of military tanks

− Through parliamentary meetings
− Sending observers during elections

− Be citizen by birth/natural born
− Be at least 35years old
− Must have been a resident of America for at least 4 years

− Be citizen by birth/natural born
− Be at least 35years old
− Must have been a resident of America for at least 4 years

a) State three demerits of linguistic as a source of historical information. 1×3=3mks
− Some languages have become extinct and therefore difficult to interpret
− Some languages may have similar words but with different meanings
− It takes long to learn a particular language
− Important information may be lost during interpretation
− Languages are dynamic as they keep changing
− Some languages have borrowed words from others and therefore corrupted the parent language
b) Explain six benefits of the invention of fire to the life of early man. 6×2=12mks
− Provided warmth at night and during cold seasons
− Used it as source of light
− Scared away wild animals
− It was used for hunting
− It was used as a means of communication
− Used to cook/roast his food
− Hardening tips of his tools
− Used for food preservation
− Enabled man to migrate to colder parts of the world

a) State five characteristics of early agriculture in Europe before Agrarian revolution. 5×1=5mks
− Land was owned by kings
− It was subsistence
− Practiced open field system
− Used simple farm implements
− Communal grazing was practiced
− Practiced shifting cultivation
− Used to broadcast method of planting
b) Explain five effects of Agrarian revolution in Britain. 5×2=10mks
− Increased food production
− Increase in population
− Led to diversification of agriculture
− Introduction of large scale farming/plantation
− Led to landless of the poor peasants
− Led to rural-urban migration
− Led to development of internal and international trade.
− Development of agro-based industries
− Development of transport and communication
− Promote research and scientific discoveries
− Led to migration to other parts of the world

a)Outline five challenges encountered by the Trans-Saharan Traders. 5×1=5mks
− Journey across the desert were long and tiresome
− Hostility from desert communities
− Affected by extreme weather conditions
− Loss of direction
− They were killed by frequent sandstorms
− Language barriers
− Attacks from desert insects

− Shortage of food and water.
b) Explain five benefits of Tans-Saharan Trade on the people of Western Sudan. 5×2=10mks
− Led to emergence of urban centres
− Led to growth of kingdoms and empires
− Emergence of a class of wealthy trade merchants
− Led to spread of Islamic religion
− Introduction of Islamic sharia law
− Introduction of Arabic architectural designs
− Introduction of iron tools which improved agriculture
− Led to improved desert transport due to use of camels
− Introduction of Islamic system of education
− Exchange of idea and European goods with North Africa. (5×2=10 mks)

.a) Outline five causes of African nationalism in South Africa. 5×1=5mks
− Introduction of Christianity which spread the gospel of equality
− Land alienation
− Introduction of discriminating labour laws and apartheid policy.
− African interaction in the urban centres/urbanization
− Presence of ex-service men who had got exposure and experience during the world wars.
− Inspiration from Pan-African ideas on the African nationalist
− Presence of educated African elites who led in the struggle
b) Explain five challenges faced by African nationalism in South Africa. (5×2=10mks)
− Many were killed by the minority government
− They were harassed, arrested and detained by security agents.
− Their political parties were banned and journalists harassed
− Trade unionists were intimidated by the security agents
− Creation of bantustans to divide the Africans
− Introduction of pass-laws to restrict African movement
− Many African fled their country and went to exile in other countries

a) State five factors which favoured the emergence of Asante empire. (5×1=5mks)
− Fertile soils
− Able leaders
− Centralised system of government
− Availability of a standing army
− Unity brought about the golden stool and national festivals
− Trade with Europeans along the coast
− Emergence of city states near Kumasi who shared common culture and customs.
− Determination of Asante people to rule over other related clans.
b) Describe the political organization of the Asante empire in the pre-colonial period. (5×2=10mks)
− Had a centralized system of government head by the Asantehene
− The empire was divided into three nucleus (Kumasi) states outside Kumasi (Amatoo) and conquered states.
− There were two levels of government metropolitan Asante and provincial Asante
− Conquered states were ruled by their Kings but treated as provinces of Asante.
− The golden stool acted as symbol of unity and was sacred which made office of Asantehene acceptable.
− Asantehene was assisted to rule by confederacy council made up of kings from different states. (Omanhene)
− Each state had a black stool which symbolized authority and power.
− The kingdom had a standing army.
− Odwira festival was attended by all and helped to promote unity.
− They had a judicial system headed by the asantehene while the Omanhene settled minor cases in their provinces.

a)Give three weapons used during the cold war. (3×1=3mks)
− Propaganda
− Economic sanctions
− Financial support to enemies of the opposite side
− Military support to opponents of the enemy
b) Explain six social effects of the Second World War. (6×2=12mks)

− Loss of lives
− Many were injured and permanently deformed
− Widespread suffering and misery
− Widespread displacement and refugee problem
− Spread of new infectious diseases
− Led to advancement of surgery and medical treatment
− Change in status of the role of women in the army
− Created mistrust and bitterness among countries

a) State five functions of the prime minister in Britain. (5×1=5mks)
− Appointment and dismiss ministers with approval of the monarch
− Recommend to the monarch names for appointment senior government officials
− Chairs cabinet meetings
− Settle inter-departmental disputes
− Leader of the house of commons
− Leader of the party the nominated him
− Oversees the implementation of cabinet decisions in all department
− Uses his party to influence the changing of laws.
b)Explain five duties of the legislature in USA. (5×2=10MKS)
− Checks the executive arm of government
− Approve taxation/approve the budget
− Making and amending laws
− Approve the signing of treaties with other countries
− Approves the appointment of senior government officials
− Appoints commissions of inquiry to investigate issues of national importance.
− Represent the interest of the American citizens.​