Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Name four sources of business capital. (2 marks)
(b) State four factors to consider when starting a business. (2 marks)
2 (a) State four dangers of inhaling toxic adhesives. (2 marks)
(b) List four characteristics of trees that produce softwood. (4 marks)
3 State three reasons Why a mortice gauge may produce inaccurate marks on a piece of wood. (3 marks)
4 Figure 1 shows a piece of timber with defects.
(a) Name the defects A and B. (2 marks)
B
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
(b) Stater-
(i) two causes of defect A;
(ii) one cause of defect B. (3 marks)
5 (a) List six practices that demonstrate the correct use of a cross-cut handsaw While cutting. (3 marks)
Figure 2
Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. (2 marks)
A
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
B
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
C
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
D
………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..
6 State the two functions of the knob in a bench plane. (2 marks)v 7 State four safety precautions to be observed when using a lathe machine. (4 marks)
8 Name four characteristics of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue. (4 marks)
9 Give two disadvantages of oil-based paint. (2 marks)
10 Figure 3 shows a mitred briddle joint.
Figure 3
(b) Figure 2 shows a pictorial view of a circular saw.
Sketch an exploded pictorial view of the joint. (5 marks)
SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer question I1 on the A1 paper provided and any other three questions from this section in the spaces provided after question I5. Candidates are advised not to spend more than 25 minutes on question 11.
11 Figure 4 shows a shaped block drawn in isometric projection.
Draw, full size, the following views in first angle projection:
(a) a sectional front elevation of the cutting plane x-x;
(b) a plan;
(c) indicate six dimensions. (15 marks)
12 (a) Outline the procedure of making a groove in a workpiece using a plough plane. (7 marks)
Figure 5 shows a cuwed shallow sugar dish.
b)Outline the procedure of carving the dish from a block of wood to the required shape.
13. a)Using labelled sketches, show the difference between an auger bit and a twist drill bit. (6 marks)
b) Describe the oven dry method of determining the percentage moisture content of a piece of timber. (5 marks)
c) Differentiate between film forming finishes and penetrating finishes as applied in wood work and give two examples of each. (4 marks)
14. a) Outline the procedure of marking out a piece of wood to size using a marking gauge. (7 marks)
(b) Figure 6 shows a coffee stool.
Calculate the cost of the stool from the given information. (8 marks)
15 (a) With the aid of a labelled sketch, show the pocket screw method of fixing table top to rais . (5 marks)
(b) Figure 7 shows a paint brush.
(i) Name the parts marked P, Q, R and S.
Figure 7
(ii) State the function of each part.
(6 marks)
(c) Other than food, state and explain two favourable conditions for fungal growth in timber. (4 marks)
4.16 WOODWORK (444)
4.16.1 Woodwork Paper 1 (444/1)
SECTION A
1. (a) Sources of business capital.
-Loans from financial institutions.
-Personal savings.
-Family shares.
-Donations from friends.
-Pulling resources together.
(b) Factors to consider when starting a business.
-Market.
-Infrastructure.
-Availability of raw materials.
-Cultural values.
-Security of the locality.
2. (a) Dangers of inhaling toxic adhesives
-Blurred vision.
-Difficulty in breathing.
– Brain damage.
-Headache.
-Memory loss.
-Death.
(b) Characteristics of softwood trees.
-Seeds are enclosed in cones.
– Needle like leaves.
– Evergreen.
-Mature faster.
-Seeds have wings.
3. (a) Reasons that make a mortice gauge produce inaccurate marks.
-Loose spurs.
-Loose thumbscrew.
-If the stem is worn out.
-If the stock hole is not tightly fitting the stem.
-If accurate readings were not taken before locking the thumb screw.
4. Timber defects
(a) A – upset
B – waney edge
(b) Causes of upsets
-Fracturing of the Wood fibres across the grain.
-Caused by sudden shock at the time of felling.
-Tree becoming over stressed during growth.
-Tree being bent by strong winds.
Causes of Waney edge
– Uneven growth and size of the tree. This refers to the edge of a piece of timber which has retained part of the bark after conversion.
-Too economical conversion.
5. (a) Practices that demonstrate the correct use of a cross-cut hand saw.
-Pull the saw towards your body to start the cut.
-Take short, light strokes, gradually increasing the strokes to full length of the saw.
-Use the saw at an angle of approximately 45” with the face of the board.
-Keep the saw in line with the forearm.
-Keep the saw plumb with the face of the board.
-Do not force or jerk the saw while in use.
-Hold the saw in one hand and extend the first finger along the handle.
-Keep your eye on the line rather than on the saw while working.
(b) Parts of a circular saw.
A – Riving knife.
– Saw blade.
– Saw guard.
– Fence.
6.-Functions of the knob in a bench plane.
-The knob allows the user to control and direct the plane with both hands.
-It allows the user to hold and leverage the plane during use.
7. Precautions to be observed when using a lathe machine.
-Select the correct speed for the work to be turned.
-Ensure the work is secured to the face plate or between centres.
-Spin work by hand to ensure that it clears the lathe bed and tool rest.
– Always return tools to the tray – do not place them on the bed of the lathe.
– Wear protective clothing.
8.Characteristics of polyvinyl actate (PVA) glue.
-Easily applied.
-Sets at room temperature.
– Does not stain.
-Sets clearly and does not damage the edge of tools.
-Water resistant.
9. Disadvantages of oil based paint.
-Flammable.
-Produces an odour when newly applied.
-Requires a thinner therefore more expensive.
10. Exploded pictorial view of a mitred bridle joint.
11.
12. (a) Procedure of making a groove.
-Mark the work piece.
– Clamp the work piece.
-Set blade to depth.
-Set the fence.
-Identify direction of grain.
– Make first cut gently.
-Make deep cut.
7 marks
(b) Procedure of carving.
-Prepare the template.
-Transfer the outline onto the work piece.
-Hold the work piece on the vice.
-Carve the hollow part of the dish.
-Carve the shape of the neck.
-Shape the base.
-Finish the surfaces of the dish to the required texture.
8 marks 13. (a) Difference between auger bit and twist drill bit.
(b) Oven dry method of moisture content determination.
-A small sample of wood is cut from the batch of timber to be dried.
-The sample is weighed to determine the initial or wet weight.
-It is then placed in a special drying oven and left until no further Weight loss can be recorded.
-The final or dry weight is noted.
-The percentage moisture content is calculated using the formula.
_ initial (wet) weight – final (dry) weight
(c) Film forming finishes form a thin layer over the surface to Which they are applied eg. paints, varnishes, Wax.
Penetrating finishes are absorbed into the wood, saturating the fibres and partially or completely filling the surface pores. eg. Water repellants, stains, spirits.
Total 4 marks
14. (a) Procedure of marking out
-Ensure one face or edge is true.
-Set the gauge to the required size using a rule.
-Tighten the thumb screw.
-Hold the Wood at an angle and press the gauge stock against the side.
-Tilt the gauge to let the spur trail.
-Move the gauge along the length of the wood.
-The spur point will cut a line as it goes alone. 7 marks
